Many kids see a speech-language pathologist during the school day. Therapy may be one or more times a week, depending on the severity of the problem. Kids with speech problems can feel stressed and anxious, which can make it even harder to talk and express themselves. A student may speak slowly in class and should be given plenty of time to express thoughts. By addressing special needs and offering support when needed, you can help students with a speech disorder learn as best as possible.
Speech Disorders Factsheet for Schools. Stuttering refers to a speech disorder that interrupts the flow of speech. People who stutter can experience the following types of disruption:. The symptoms of stuttering can vary depending on the situation.
Stress , excitement, or frustration can cause stuttering to become more severe. Some people may also find that certain words or sounds can make a stutter more pronounced. Stuttering can cause both behavioral and physical symptoms that occur at the same time.
These can include:. The brain controls every single action that people make, including speaking. When someone decides to speak, the brain sends signals to the different structures of the body that work together to produce speech. The brain instructs these structures how and when to move to form the appropriate sounds. For example, these speech signals open or close the vocal cords, move the tongue and shape the lips, and control the movement of air through the throat and mouth. Muscle weakness in these parts of the body can make speaking very difficult.
The symptoms of speech disorders vary widely depending on the cause and severity of the disorder. People can develop multiple speech disorders with different symptoms. Risk factors that can increase the likelihood of a person developing a speech disorder include :. A speech-language pathologist SLP is a healthcare professional who specializes in speech and language disorders.
An SLP will evaluate a person for groups of symptoms that indicate one type of speech disorder. To make an accurate diagnosis, SLPs need to rule out other speech and language disorders and medical conditions.
Anything that changes the shape of the vocal cords or the way they work will cause a voice disturbance. Lump-like growths such as nodules, polyps, cysts, papillomas, granulomas, and cancers can be to blame.
These changes cause the voice to sound different from the way it normally sounds. Some of these disorders develop gradually, but anyone can develop a speech and language impairment suddenly, usually in a trauma. For dysarthria, ways to help improve communication include speaking slowly and using hand gestures.
Family and friends need to provide plenty of time for those with the disorder to express themselves. Typing on an electronic device or using pen and paper can also help with communication. For aphasia, family members may need to provide frequent orientation reminders, such as the day of the week.
Disorientation and confusion often occur with aphasia. Using nonverbal ways of communicating may also help. It's important to maintain a relaxed, calm environment and keep external stimuli to a minimum. Mental health counseling may help with depression or frustration that many people with speech impairment have.
Unless the problems have developed after an emergency event, the provider will take a medical history and perform a physical exam. If you develop unusual vocal symptoms, seek medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve your long-term outlook and help prevent complications. Also, keep your emergency contact information in your pocket at all times.
This can help you prepare for times when you may not be able to communicate your health condition and needs to others.
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Medically reviewed by Karen Gill, M. Common types of adult speech impairment.
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