Requires someone to be familiar with the equipment, processes, etc. Overview What will happen if toxic gases leak into a liquid pipeline? What-if Analysis can be applied at virtually any point in the laboratory evaluation process. How to Conduct a What-if Analysis. Team Kickoff The team leader walks the team through each step of the What-if Analysis.
Generate What-if Questions The team generates What-if questions relating to each step of the experimental procedure and each component to determine likely sources of errors and failures.
Evaluate and Assess Risk The team considers the list of What-if questions, one-by-one, to determine likely sources of errors. How to Assess Risk 4. Assign Follow-up Action Responsibilities are assigned for follow-up action s. Review the Fundamentals. How Do I Assess Risk? What Are Control Measures?
What Are the Roles and Responsibilities? Only useful if you ask the right questions Relies on intuition of team members More subjective than other methods Greater potential for reviewer bias More difficult to translate results into convincing arguments for change. Sample What-if Questions Following is a list of sample What-if questions to get your group thinking in the right directions.
Human Factor Human errors occur regardless of training and experience. What if material used is too concentrated or diluted?
What if the valve s are opened or closed in the wrong sequence? What if inert gas is omitted? What if unintended materials are mixed together? What if readings are missed or ignored? What if warnings are missed or ignored?
What if there are errors in diagnosis? Utility The following questions concern utilities, which are key to the support of any experiment or process: What if power is lost? Consider: Automatic shutoffs and emergency power What if power is restored automatically after loss? He has extensive experience in mechanical systems — including industrial ammonia refrigeration systems.
As the founding director of the Industrial Refrigeration Consortium, he works extensively to improve the safety, efficiency, reliability, and productivity of ammonia refrigeration infrastructure. He is a registered professional engineer in the State of Wisconsin. If you are planning to attend an Interdisciplinary Professional Programs course, payment is required at the time of registration. Below are the payment options:. If using SF form, please call our registration number at or email registrations pyle.
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Videotapes of the operation or maintenance procedures or still photographs are important and often under utilized excellent sources of information. Additionally, design documents, operational procedures, or maintenance procedures are essential information for the review team. If these documents are not available, the first recommendation for the review team becomes clear. Develop the supporting documentation! Effective reviews cannot be conducted without up-to-date reliable documentation.
An experienced team can provide an overview analysis, but nuances to specific issues such as interlocks, pressure relief valves, or code requirements are not likely to be found. Now that the team has had an opportunity to review the information package, the next step is conducting the analysis.
A focused, energetic and knowledgeable facilitator can keep the review moving productively and effectively. A scribe is usually assigned to take notes of the review. Recent advances in software as well as laptop computers can provide on-line data collection possibilities by the scribe. That is, as hazards are identified, judgments made, and responsibilities assigned, the scribe can input the data and agreements live! Scheduling more than four hours at a time can result in the team members losing energy and eager to finish the analysis rather than probing deeper.
Generally, in a well-designed system or well-operated system, the participants in the review will need to work hard to find major issues. It is the job of the facilitator to keep the effort moving productively. These errors and failures can be considered during normal production operations, during construction, during maintenance activities, as well as during de-bugging situations.
The questions could address any of the following situations:. Experienced personnel are knowledgeable of past failures and likely sources of errors. For example, consider a chemical manufacturing process which includes the charging of a granular-like material from a gallon drum to a gallon mix vessel containing a highly caustic liquid.
Some typical questions that could be generated are shown in Figure C-2 for illustration purposes. Determining the answer to each question as it is generated creates the danger of closing too soon on all possible upsets. The facilitator needs to assess if the team has really looked at all of the possibilities before going to the next step of answering the questions.
Break up the analysis into smaller pieces if there is danger of just developing questions and not gaining the value of having them fresh in mind to answer those questions. Division: Chemical Ops. Granular powder is not freely flowing? Drum is mislabeled? Wrong powder in the drum? Drum hoist is not used? Two drums are added? Drum is misweighed? Drum hoist fails? Drum is corroded? Ventilation at mixing tank is not operating? Granular powder becomes dusty?
Tank liquid level too high? Example of Completed Step No. Ventilation at Mix Tank is not operating? Back injury potential when breaking up clumps. Quality issue only. If wet, could cause exotherm. Back injury potential. Leg, foot, back, arm injury. Same as above.
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