My troubles, they insisted, were entirely imaginary, although my local doctor, my carers and friends all supported me. This information made me realise I was not going mad and my self- confidence began to return. All reported side effects for any drugs are always anecdotal.
The demand for scientific evidence to prove that these side effects exist, is unrealistic because it is impossible to prove a negative. It is hard to understand why this delusion of sameness persists. Let us hope that this red herring can be cast out and forgotten with its twin, the mythical shortage of animal pancreases. When we have cleared away this confusion, the next task is to expose the censorship surrounding animal insulin.
Many doctors leave us ignorant about animal insulin. The depth of this ignorance was exposed to me recently. It has shattered any fragile remnants I retained of good-will towards the medical and pharmaceutical establishments. I asked her how she was coping with it and told her it had not suited me. It suits me perfectly. The only trouble is that I get hypos in the middle of the night. My husband has to feed me and rescue me. It worries him a lot. He would not approve. He says human insulin is the best!
I did not want to believe my ears. My friend is a highly intelligent professional woman working in a hospital. What had gone wrong? Surely, at least anybody who experiences sudden hypos by day or night should be encouraged to overcome this difficulty by changing to animal insulin.
But apparently she is condemned to suffer needlessly. If this is so, and they are really happy, then why should they be upset? If you have never tried any other insulin you actually do not know how happy you are on human!
This also applies to happiness — how do we know if the people who are said to be happy on human insulin are as happy as they could be? Could you honestly say you preferred tinned salmon if you had never been lucky enough to taste fresh salmon?
Currently about fifty thousand diabetics in the United Kingdom are on animal insulin and their number does not seem to be decreasing as the elderly die off. Their welfare should not be swept under the carpet to simplify life for doctors, reduce distribution costs for manufacturers, allow them to benefit from economies of scale and increase profits. A different enzyme is used to join the insulin gene and the bacterial plasmid.
The bacterial plasmid containing the insulin gene is placed into a bacterial cell. The bacterial cell is placed in a fermenter to allow reproduction under perfect conditions warmth, moisture and oxygen.
Downstreaming occurs — this is when insulin is extracted, purified and packaged. Other changes could result into the toxicity of an organism to humans or other organisms. Why is insulin so expensive? The manufacturers make the drug and set the price. This is part of the reason why insulin is so expensive. There's no limit to how high the price can be set, and they don't have to disclose how they set it. What are some risks of genetic engineering? Potential Environmental Harms Cross Contamination.
Increased Weediness. Gene Transfer to Wild or Weedy Relatives. Change in Herbicide Use Patterns. Squandering of Valuable Pest Susceptibility Genes. Poisoned Wildlife. Creation of New or Worse Viruses. What is genetically engineered insulin? Genetic engineering is the transfer of DNA from one organism to another using biotechnology.
Bacterial cells can be genetically modified so that they have the gene for producing human insulin. As these modified bacteria grow, they produce human insulin. Therefore, patients being switched from animal insulins to human insulin must be monitored by their doctors very carefully. Many diabetic specialists agree that human insulin should always be considered. It is the first such product of genetic engineering to be granted Governmental approval for human use. The new insulin, called Humulin, is manufactured by a technique known as recombinant DNA, which involves inserting human genetic instructions into a bacterium that then produces the drug.
Normally, such approval takes 20 to 30 months. The efforts to produce the artificial human hormone commercially began four years ago, after scientists at the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Calif.
The new insulin is expected by its manufacturer to be available in drug stores without a prescription sometime in A spokesman for Lilly said Humulin was expected to cost about twice as much initially as the animal insulins now used by an estimated two million of the 10 million diabetics in the United States.
Called a Major Step Forward Dr. Henry Miller, the medical officer in charge of Humulin at the F. Miller said. Irving L. Spratt, president of the American Diabetes Association, said: ''The announcement is an exciting event in medicine.
It demonstrates the melding of intensive research in genetic engineering with complex pharmaceutical production. South San Francisco, Calif. Insulin is a protein hormone produced in the pancreas and used in the metabolism of sugar and other carbohydrates.
The synthesis of human insulin was done using a process similar to the fermentation process used to make antibiotics. The achievement may be the most significant advance in the treatment of diabetes since the development of animal insulin for human use in the 's.
The insulin synthesis is the first laboratory production DNA technology. Recombinant DNA is the technique of combining the genes of different organisms to form a hybrid molecule. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid , the substances genes are composed of, contains the chemical record in which genetic information is encoded. Scientists at Genentech and City of Hope inserted synthetic genes carrying the genetic code for human insulin, along with the necessary control mechanism, into an E.
Once inside the bacteria, the genes were "switched-on" by the bacteria to translate the code into either "A" or "B" protein chains found in insulin. The separate chains were then joined to construct complete insulin molecules. The development of genetically engineered human insulin was funded by Genentech. However, the work was a cooperative effort between Genentech and City of Hope.
GM insulin's side effects 2. The Bellagio report on GM insulin 3. The Myth of 'Human' Insulin 1. GM insulin is touted as the best example of safety and success in this area.
However, my experience and that of many other insulin injection dependent diabetics is very different. While taking GM or "human" insulin, my blood sugar control was poor. My blood test results were erratic and often differed from what I expected. My hba1c results, which is a measure of longer-term blood sugar control, confirmed this. However, after discovering that I was using GM insulin and that natural animal insulin was available, I decided to change.
As a result my blood sugar control improved immediately and substantially, as verified by my hba1c. Even more surprising was the immediate percent reduction in my daily insulin requirements with no change in diet, exercise or frequency and timing of injections!
I didn't see a connection at the time. However, since using natural insulin, my Crohn's has been in remission and without taking medication for it. Also, I am currently taking an unrelated medication that, when previously taken whilst on GM insulin, always caused my Crohn's to flare up. All this has made me question whether GM insulin contributed to, if not caused, my Crohn's. There are many other reported negative effects from GM insulin. There has been much debate in recent years surrounding the use of animal vs.
Since the introduction of human insulin over 10 years ago, the reputation of animal insulin has taken a beating. Critics have derided it as an antiquated, impure and a less desirable alternative, and in many countries it has been taken off the market completely. This trend, however, may be unwarranted and depriving some people of an insulin which suits them best.
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